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Which of the following drugs has the highest risk for dependence?

  1. acetaminophen

  2. codeine

  3. diazepam

  4. heroin

The correct answer is: acetaminophen

Acetaminophen has the lowest risk for dependence among the drugs listed. Acetaminophen is primarily used for pain relief and reducing fever, and it works centrally in the brain to do so. However, it does not have addictive properties that lead to dependence. On the other hand, codeine, diazepam, and heroin have much higher risks for dependence due to their mechanisms of action and potential for causing euphoria or pleasure, leading to addictive behaviors. Among the options provided, heroin has the highest risk for dependence due to its powerful opioid effects on the central nervous system, leading to a high potential for addiction.